This activity is used to establish the connection between band structure and observable spectra

Gas Lamp Emission is an example of spectroscopy of gasseous media.

The Infrared Detector builds on the connection between spectra and band structure to show how an infrared detector card works

The Ruby Laser activity offers a simple introduction to the role of transitions between energy bands in laser spectra.

Hydrogen Spectrum uses the spectroscopy lab to connect observed spectra to transitions between atomic energy levels.